The Dutch East and West India Companies from Gert Jan Bestebreurtje
The Dutch East and West India Company from Gert Jan Bestebreurtje.
By Michael Stillman
The latest catalogue from Holland bookseller Gert Jan Bestereurtje Rare Books is entitled The Dutch East - and West - India Company. These trading companies effectively ran Dutch exploration and colonization for several centuries, making their nation a world power, and their shareholders wealthy at the same time. No other nation turned quite so much of its international relations over to private enterprise. The VOC (East India Company) was the larger, and more successful, ruling Dutch trade and possessions in Asia from 1602-1800. The WIC (West India Company) struggled to make a profit and became a participant in the slave trade. It did develop smaller colonies, but was no match for the British and Spanish in the New World, particularly after the fall of New Amsterdam in 1664.
While the two Dutch India companies are the focus of most items in this catalogue, there are many works about the territories in which they operated, and the settlers that followed them to new lands. There is certainly no shortage of material on Dutch activities in the world from the 17th through 19th centuries here. This catalogue includes 1,160 items. Here are a very few of them.
For those interested in early Dutch voyages, Nederlandsche Reisen is a most thorough collection. Published in 14 volumes from 1784-1787, it includes three volumes on pre-VOC voyages and ten on post-VOC expeditions. The last volume describes voyages to the West Indies. Item 71. Priced at €3,500 (Euros, or approximate US equivalent of $4,660).
From a description of many voyages we move to the very specific - recollections of one sailor, Johann von der Behr, a German who signed on to a voyage to the Dutch colony at Batavia (today's Jakarta, Indonesia). Von der Behr would go on to serve in Java, travel to Persia, and spend six years working for the Dutch East India Company in Ceylon. In 1649, eight years after he left, von der Behr returned to Germany, where he became a public notary, living until 1692. In 1668, his diary, Diarium, oder Tage-Buch, was published, a faithful account of his years overseas. It is very rare today. Item 113. €9,500 (US $12,650).
Isaac Titsingh was a former surgeon who worked for the VOC in the late 1700s. From 1779-1784, he headed a Dutch factory (really a trading post) on Dejima, an island in Nagasaki Bay. Dejima was actually an artificial island rather than a true part of Japan, which provided an excuse for allowing the Dutch to trade from this location even as Japan was officially sealed off from the West. Titsingh provides a look at Japanese culture at a time when it was closed off from the world in Illustrations of Japan, consisting of private memoirs and anecdotes of the reigning dynasty of the djogouns, or sovereigns of Japan. Item 666 (no, this is not the work of the Devil) is the first English edition, published in 1822. €9,500 (US $12,650).
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The Dutch East and West India Companies from Gert Jan Bestebreurtje
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Item 844 is a much later work than most in this catalogue. Published in 1937, it is Pre-revolutionary Dutch houses and families in Northern New Jersey and Southern New York, by Rosalie Fellows Bailey. It describes early settlers and their homes around New Amsterdam, the place some people now call New York. It includes an introduction by a very famous Dutch descendant, Franklin D. Roosevelt, U.S. President at the time of publication. It was published by the Holland Society, and perhaps this time the Devil was involved, for it was printed in a limited edition of 666 copies. €885 (US $1,180).
What is Souvenir History of Pella, Iowa, doing in this catalogue? The explanation for the inclusion of a history of a central Iowa town of 10,000 is that it was founded by Dutch immigrants in 1847. Today, it still has many signs of Dutch culture, from its windmills to a tulip festival. However, its most famous natives were not Dutch immigrants - Wyatt Earp and his brothers. This history was published in 1922, three years before the founding of the company that is today Pella Windows. Item 746. €135 (US $180).
Item 520 recalls a most unhappy incident in British-Dutch relations. It is Amboyna: a tragedy. As it is acted at the Theatre-Royal, by John Dryden, and published in 1673. Amboyna, or Ambon Island in current Indonesia, was a site of rivalry between the British and Dutch. The Dutch controlled the island, but the British had certain trading rights. In 1623, the Dutch heard rumors that British settlers, along with Japanese mercenaries working for the Dutch East India Company, were about to overrun them. The Dutch preempted the supposed threat by taking the British and Japanese and torturing them until they confessed. Once they confessed, they were beheaded. The incident became a long-running sore for the British, and one of the causes of open warfare between the two nations three decades later. Reparations for families of the British victims were compelled from the Dutch by the Treaty of Westminster in 1654. As this book attests, even two decades after this the British still had not forgotten. €885 (US $1,180.)
Gert Jan Bestebreurtje Rare Books can be reached online at www.gertjanbestebreurtje.com or by phone at +31-(0)347-322548.
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